OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of the trauma and rehabilitate in type Ⅰ alveolar cells in diabetic ketoacidosis rabbit models. METHODS: 12 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental groups (DK groups, n=6) and control groups (NS groups, n=6) randomly; Injection of streptozocin (150mg/kg) and alloxan monohydroate (150mg/kg) each in DK groups were received by injective venous, and NS groups were given the same dose normal sodium chloride. blood gas, blood electrolyte and urine acetone body were detected; All the animals were killed 72 hours later, blood gas,alkaline phosphates (ALPase) of cytohistochemical examination, ultrastructure were detected. RESULTS: 1、Plasma glucose concentration values were >17 mmol/L and urine acetone body appeared in all DK groups；2、inflammatory cellular exudation were shown in DK groups.3、The activity of PDGF immunohistology in DK groups were shown;4、thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and air-blood barrier,Type Ⅰalveolar cell and capillary endothelium damages were observed. 5、The activity of alkaline phosphates was lost in type Ⅰ alveolar cells. No changes were shown in NS groups. CONCLUSION: 1、DKA induce type Ⅰ alveolar cells lesion, membranous structure spoiled occupy important action.2、The rebuild was started up at the same time with injury in DKA, the factor of PDGF participated in the process of restoring in DKA lungs.