Objective To evaluate the the significance of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in the diagnosis and treat of neonates with bacterial pneumonia. Methods 40 patients with bacterial pneumonia and 40 patients of non-infection in the control group. Meanwhile, detected the clinical values of sTREM-1, CRP and WBC were measured by ELISA. Results The concentration of sTREM-1, CRP and WBC respectively within the first day or convalescence were higher than those in controls with statistics significance. Serum sTREM-1 level of pneumonia group after post-treatmaent were significantly above the control group. Conclusions Serum sTREM-1 level is significantly evevated in the neonates with bacterial pneumonia. The level measurement of the serum sTREM-1 is a valid index sign which evaluates pneumonia pathological changes and respond degree of inflammatory reactoin.