Objective To study the potential pathogenesis of aldioxa tablets on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats’ model. Methods Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Ⅰ (injury group), Ⅱ (control group), Ⅲ (sucralfate protective group), Ⅳ (aluminium hydroxide protective group), and Ⅴ (aldioxa protective group). The three protective groups were treated with sucralfate, aluminium hydroxide and aldioxa tablets respectively before to induce gastric mucosal injury. Then the blood flow of gastric mucosa, the concentration of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide of gastric mucosa were measured. Results The data of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴgroup obtained were as follow: blood flow of gastric mucosa（PU）: 102.60±9.14, 271.35±37.82, 204.64±31.52, 138.74±44.51, 252.43±40.55, respectively; prostaglandin E2 concentration of gastric mucosa (pg/ml): 169.78±35.75, 303.62±64.99, 230.64±75.61, 183.56±75.61, 295.11±97.67, respectively; nitric oxide concentration of gastric mucosa(umol/g protein): 0.90±0.28, 1.70±0.39, 1.30±0.35, 0.91±0.11, 1.45±0.29, respectively. In comparison with injury group, in aldioxa protective group the blood flow of gastric mucosa were significantly increased (P=0.000)，prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide concentration of gastric mucosa were significantly increased (P=0.001, P=0.000). Conclusion The data obtained revealed that aldioxa tablets can increase the blood flow，prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide concentration of gastric mucosa in rats with acute gastric mucosa injury induced by aspirin, which maybe contribute to the mucosal protective effects.