Abstract Objective To analyze the differences of the neurodevelopmental situation between late preterm infants and normal full-term infants and explore the factors affecting neurodevelopment abnormalities of late preterm children. Methods 134 cases late preterm infants and 100 cases normal full-term infants were selected for study in our hospital during May 2011 - July 2012, and then General Information questionnaire and “0 to 6 years old children neuropsychological development scale” were performed to evaluate the neurodevelopment situation, meanwhile the risk factors affecting neurodevelopment of late preterm children were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results except for the adaptability and social behavior, gross motor, exiguous action and language score of late preterm infants were significantly lower than that in control (P<0 05). In Late preterm children group, 9 cases occurred neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and the rate was 6.72%, which was significantly higher than that in control (1.00%) (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that very low birth weight, low blood sugar, low educational level of parents had a great relationship with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the late preterm infants. Conclusion As a high risk of poor neurological outcome, neurological level of late preterm infants were significantly lower than normal full-term children; very low birth weight, low blood sugar, low education level of parents were a major factor affecting their neurological development.