Objective To analyze the effect of duloxetine on sex hormone, bone mineral density, sleep quality and neurological function in the male patients with primary depressive disorder. Methods 42 cases of male patients with primary depressive disorder who were admitted in our hospital between April 2012 and April 2015 were selected as the study objects and were included in the observation group. All the patients were treated with duloxetine. The changes of sex hormone level, bone mineral density, sleep quality and neurological function before and after the treatment were compared. The application value of duloxetine in depressive disorder was evaluated and compared with that in normal healthy people. Results After the treatment, ①The levels of estradiol and testosterone were (351.05±175.56) pmol/L and (64.63±17.41) nmol/L, respectively. Compared with those before the treatment, there were significant differences (P<0.05) but they were lower than those in normal healthy people (P<0.05); ②the tibia bone mineral density and L1-L4 bone mineral density of the patients decreased to（0.73±0.08）g/cm2 and（0.91±0.11）g/cm2 , respectively. Compared with those before the treatment, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) and compared with those in in normal healthy people, there also were no significant differences (P>0.05) ;③the scores of time to falling asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, daytime function, sleep quality and sleep disturbance were (1.57± 0.81), (1.21±0.66), (1.12±0.78), （1.30±0.49）,（1.43±0.88）and（1.12±0.74）, respectively. Compared with those before the treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); ④only the test scores of Wechsler adult intelligence measurement table increased to (12.07±8.33). Compared with that before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); ⑤In this group, 18 cases were cured (42.86%), 20 cases were effective (47.62%) and 4 cases were invalid (9.52%). The total