破骨细胞的异常增生与活化对类风湿关节炎（RA）骨侵蚀的发展具有重要作用。破骨细胞是人体主要的骨吸收细胞，来源于造血干细胞系统，多种细胞因子调节它的迁移及分化。破骨细胞附着于骨表面后分泌特异性基质酶，发挥骨吸收作用。参与RA发病机制的多种免疫细胞、炎症细胞因子及自身抗体影响破骨细胞的分化，使局部骨吸收增加。了解破骨细胞的分化与成熟机制以及RA中影响破骨细胞分化的因素，能为RA骨侵蚀提供新的治疗思路。

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