目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）与哮喘和COPD重叠综合征（ACOS）患者血浆中C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-10、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α等炎性细胞因子水平的临床意义。方法：纳入2016年1月至2017年2月就诊的30例AECOPD患者（AECOPD组），同时纳入30例ACOS患者（ACOS组）及30例健康者（健康对照组）。记录各组一般情况，检测血常规、肺功能及动脉血氧等指标。收集外周血采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和散射比浊法检测血浆中CRP、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α等炎性细胞因子水平。分析AECOPD与ACOS患者血浆中炎性细胞因子水平的相关性，用于ACOS的鉴别诊断。结果：2组患者血浆中CRP和IL-8水平差异有统计学意义（均P<0.001）；IL-8及TNF-α水平在ACOS组显著高于AECOPD组（P<0.05），而IL-10水平在AECOPD组显著高于ACOS组（P<0.05）。结论：血浆炎性细胞因子CRP、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α与气道疾病的严重程度相关，可用作评价AECOPD和ACOS疾病严重程度潜在的标志物。

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