Objective: To explore perioperative risk factors of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) in lower extremity in young and middle-aged patients with trauma fracture.Methods: 153 patients(18 to 50 y) with traumatic fracture were included in the retrospective study. According to the ultrasound results, these patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups. And such characteristics as age, sex, the time after the injury before surgery, DVT occurrence time, D-dimer(D-dimer, D-D) before and after surgery were obtained. All these factors were analyzed for the risk factors of DVT.Results: Such characteristics, as age and existing chronic diseases, in these two groups were significantly different(P<0.001). Moreover, the preoperative diagnosis time in the thrombus group(6.58±5.38) d and the non-thrombus group(3.85±2.63) d was also significantly different(P<0.001).The preoperative testing time of D-D in D-D group and control group was(2.58±1.94 vs. 2.74±1.76, P=0.42), respectively.The detecting time was(2.88±1.80 vs. 2.58±1.94,P=0.40) d, D-D value in preoperative was(6.65±3.35 vs. 7.11±9.45, P=0.67) mg·L^-1, it was(6.58±5.38 vs. 5.38±3.97, P=0.19) mg L^-1, There was no statistical significance of D-D value changes before and after operation(P>0.05).Conclusion: Age and basic diseases are still DVT risk factors of young and middle-aged patients with trauma fracture surgery. The surgery performed 4 days or more after injuryin patients with traumatic fracture should be screened for DVT imaging in order to reduce stress leading to falling thrombosis off; there is yet no effective method to evaluate and forecast DVT caused by traumatic fractures.