[1] RIVERA J,LOZANO M L,NAVARRO N L,et al.Platelet receptors and signaling in the dynamics of thrombus formation[J].Haematologica,2009,94(5):700.
[2] YUSUF S,ZHAO F,M EHTA S R,et al.Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST -segment elevation[J].N Engl J M ed,2001,345(7):494-502.
[3] 中华医学会神经病学分会.中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2014[J].中华神经科杂志,2015,48(4):246-257.
[4] BROTT T,ADAMS HP Jr,OLINGER CP,et al.Measurements of acute cerebral infarction:A elinical examination scale[J].Stroke,1989,20(7):864-870.
[5] KASNER S E.Clinical interpretation and use of stroke scales[J].Lancet Neurol,2006,5(7):603.
[6] ADAMS H P,DAVIS P H,LEIRA E C,et al.Baseline NIH stroke scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke A report of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST)[J].Neurology,1999,53(1):126.
[7] YOUNG F B,WEIR C J,LEES K R.Comparison of the national institutes of health stroke scale with disability outcome measures in acute stroke trials[J].Stroke,2005,36(10):2187.
[8] 陈竺.全国第三次死因回顾抽样调查报告[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2008.
[9] DONNAN G A,FISHER M,MACLEOD M,et al.Stroke[J].Lancet,2008,371(9624):1612-1623.
[10] Rosamond.Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 Update:A report from the American heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee (vol 115,2007)[J].Circulation,2010,122(1):E9-E9.
[11] 国家卫生计生委防治工程委员会.中国卒中流行报告2015[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2015.
[12] JOHNSTON S C.Clinical practice.Transient ischemic attack[J].New Engl J Med,2002,347(21):1687.
[13] ROTHWELL P M,GILES M F,CHANDRATHEVA A,et al.Early use of existing preventive strategies for stroke (EXPRESS) study.Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study):a prospective population-based sequential comparison[J].Lancet,2007,370(9596):1432.
[14] WANG Y,WANG Y,ZHAO X,et al.Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.[J].Circulation,2015,132(1):40.
[15] JOHNSTON S C,EASTON J D,FARRANT M,et al.Platelet-oriented inhibition in new TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT) trial:rationale and design[J].Int J Stroke,2013,8(6):479.
[16] SANDSET E C,BATH P M,BOYSEN G,et al.The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST):a randomised,placebo-controlled,double-blind trial.[J].Lancet,2011,377(9767):741.
[17] No authors.The International Stroke Trial (IST):a randomised trial of aspirin,subcutaneous heparin,both,or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke.International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group.[J].Lancet,1997,349(9065):1569.
[18] CHEN Z M.CAST:randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke[J].Lancet,1997,349(9066):1641.
[19] LIBBY P.Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy[J].New Engl J Med,2013,368(21):2004-13.
[20] KERNAN W N,OVBIAGELE B,BLACK H R et al.Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack:A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association[J].Stroke,2014,45:2160-2236.
[21] RAJU N C,EIKELBOOM J W,HIRSH J.Platelet ADP-receptor antagonists for cardiovascular disease:past,present and future[J].Nat Clin Pract Card,2008,5(12):766-780.
[22] HUSTED S,EMANUELSSON H,HEPTINSTALL S,et al.Pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,and safety of the oral reversible P2Y12 antagonist AZD6140 with aspirin in patients with atherosclerosis:a double-blind comparison to clopidogrel with aspirin[J].Eur Herat J,2006,27(9):1038.
[23] STOREY R F,HUSTED S,HARRINGTON R A,et al.Inhibition of platelet aggregation by AZD6140,a reversible oral P2Y12 receptor antagonist,compared with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2007,50(19):1852.
[24] STEINHUBL S,ROE M T.Optimizing platelet P2Y 12,inhibition for patients undergoing PCI[J].Cardiovasc Ther,2007,25(2):188-203.
[25] GIEZEN J J J V,NILSSON L,BERNTSSON P,et al.Ticagrelor binds to human P2Y12 independently from ADP but antagonizes ADP-induced receptor signaling and platelet aggregation[J].J Thromb Thrombolys,2009,7(9):1556-1565.
[26] JAMES S,BUDAJ A,AYLWARD P,et al.Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in relation to renal function:results from the platelet inhibition and patient outcomes (PLATO) trial[J].Circulation,2010,122(11):1056.
[27] KOHLI P,WALLENTIN L,REYES E,et al.Reduction in first and recurrent cardiovascular events with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in the PLATO study[J].Circulation,2013,127(6):673.
[28] PRICE M J,CLAVIJO L,ANGIOLILLO D J,et al.A randomised trial of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in Hispanic patients with stable coronary artery disease[J].J Thromb Thrombolys,2015,39(1):8-14.
[29] WALLENTIN L,BECKER R C,BUDAJ A,et al.Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes[J].New Engl J Med,2009,361(11):1045-1057.
[30] JOHNSTON S C,AMARENCO P,ALBERS G W,et al.Ticagrelor versus aspirin in acute stroke or transient ischemic attack[J].New Engl J Med,2016,375(1):35-43. |