Objective: To improve the understanding of bronchial tuberculosis in children in order to reduce misdiagnosis.Methods: The clinical symptoms, chest imaging findings, site of disease and microscopic manifestations of 15 children with bronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosed were analyzed retrospectively, on top of which, we shared a typical case.Results: The median time of misdiagnosis in 15 children with endobronchial tuberculosis was 3 months. The main manifestations were chronic cough and expectoration, so they were misdiagnosed as asthma and chronic bronchitis. The types of bronchial tuberculosis were mainly ulcerative necrosis and inflammatory infiltration; their sites were often found in the upper and lower lobes.Conclusion: The clinical symptoms and imaging findings of endobronchial tuberculosis in children lack of specificity, so they are easily misdiagnosed. In clinical diagnosis and treatment, attention should be paid to the disease. Bronchoscopy should be done as early as possible to make a definite diagnosis.