Objective: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a short-time window on liver function, inflammatory response and prognosis in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: 120 patients with acute cholecystitis who were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were selected and they were randomly divided into study group and control group with 60 cases in each according to the time of the operation. The patients in the study group underwent LC surgery within 3 days, and the controls underwent LC surgery after 3 days. Then the differences in curative effects, liver function, inflammatory response, and prognosis in one month were compared between the two groups. Results: The numbers of operation time, activity time, exhaust time, hospital stay, hospital expenses, and complication rate in the study group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of intraoperative blood loss (P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in liver function and inflammatory response related indexes between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05), while the liver function and inflammatory response related indexes of the study group were significantly improved compared with the control group on the 3^rd day after operation (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in prognosis in 1 month after the operation between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a short time window is obviously effective for patients with acute cholecystitis, which can reduce the damage to the liver function and the degree of inflammatory response. It is worthy of clinical popularization and application.