Objective: To analyze the early survival status of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), and provide evidence and reference for improving survival rate, reducing mortality and complications, and improving prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of VLBWI and ELBWI admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The time of admission, gestational age, birth weight, etc. were grouped, the clinical data were statistically analyzed by χ2 test.,and relevant factors affecting outcome were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 319 cases were enrolled, including 280 patients with VLBWI, 39 patients with ELBWI, among whom 277 patients survived, and 42 patients died. The overall survival rate was 86.8% and the mortality rate was 13.2%. The overall survival rate of VLBWI was 91.4%, and the overall survival rate of ELBWI was 53.8%. The proportion of abandoning treatment or voluntary discharge was 26.6%. 21 neonates died due to ineffective treatment. The time of death was mainly from 24 hours to 1 week after birth. The main causes of death were pulmonary hemorrhage, neonatal infection and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Gestational age and birth weight were protective factors for death, and infection and pulmonary hemorrhage were risk factors. From 2015 to 2017, the survival rate increased year by year. And along with the increased gestational age and birth weight, the survival rate increased, too. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The higher incidence of complications were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (61.1%), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (40.1%), premature infant anemia (32.3%), hospital acquired infection (25.7%) and so on. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome decreased along with the increase of gestational age and birth weight. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia decreased with gestational age, and the incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage decreased with birth weight. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The survival rate of VLBWI and ELBWI increases year by year. With the increase of gestational age and birth weight, the survival rate increases, the mortality rate and partial complication rate decrease. The main causes of death are pulmonary hemorrhage, neonatal infection and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, due to which death occurs 24 h to 1 week after birth. The gestational age and birth weight were the protective factors of death. Infection and pulmonary hemorrhage were risk factors. The prevention and treatment of VLBWI and ELBWI related hospital complications were improved, the survival rate was improved, and the quality of life was improved. |
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