骨骼、血管与神经的损伤是临床上极为常见的病损，而这类病损通常恢复效果较差。骨关节炎、皮瓣移植、糖尿病足等多种疾病都与骨骼血管神经的难愈性损伤相关，这类疾病的术后恢复情况和临床愈合效果通常难以达到患者患病前的肢体功能状态。尽管临床术式的改良以及显微外科技术的发展为这类严重损伤的治疗带来了较大的改善，但如何提高骨骼血管神经的再生和恢复能力仍然是一个难题。近年来，基于干细胞疗法，通过干预细胞微环境促进骨骼血管神经再生的研究得到了极大的发展，外泌体作为新发现的细胞间通讯的重要承担者，含有多种促进创伤愈合和组织再生的相关因子，可能成为促进运动系统组织损伤修复的新方向。

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