目的：观察内质网应激在肥胖高血压大鼠心肌重构中的作用。方法：5周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）高脂饮食制备肥胖高血压大鼠模型（OBH组），以年龄、性别匹配的WKY大鼠和SHR作为WKY组和SHR组，10周后观察体重、心脏重量、左室重量、血压，使用小动物超声测定心脏超声，测定血清和心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）含量，TUNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡，Western blot和实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测量内质网应激分子表达水平。结果：（1） OBH组Lee's指数及肝脏重量指数高于其余两组（P<0.05），OBH组和SHR组收缩压（SBP）大于WKY组（P<0.05）；（2） OBH组和SHR组血清、心肌Ang Ⅱ水平均高于WKY组（P<0.05）；（3） OBH组、SHR组左室重量指数（LVMI）和矫正的左室重量指数（LVMI-cor）显著高于WKY组（P<0.05）；（4） OBH组心肌GRP78、CHOP、Caspase 12的mRNA水平显著高于SHR组和WKY组（P<0.05），SHR组显著高于WKY组（P<0.05），OBH组、SHR组ATF6的mRNA水平显著高于WKY组（P<0.05）；（5） OBH组心肌GRP78、CHOP、Caspase 12蛋白表达水平高于WKY组和SHR组（P<0.05），OBH组ATF6蛋白表达水平显著高于WKY组（P<0.05）。结论：OBH大鼠心肌重构可能与内质网应激下游CHOP、Caspase 12凋亡信号通路的激活相关。

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