目的：评估接受生长激素治疗的矮小症患儿治疗依从性，并分析相关影响因素。方法：采用方便抽样法选取连续接受生长激素治疗时间超过6个月的患儿家长，进行问卷调查了解患儿治疗依从性状况。使用二元Logistic回归探究治疗依从性的影响因素。结果：共调查了322例矮小症患儿家长，其中46.6%的患儿接受生长激素治疗超过1年。依从性较好（平均每周遗漏注射次数<1次）的患儿共277例，占83.9%。父母对注射设备满意（P=0.013）、父母说服孩子进行注射的频率低（P=0.006）和父母意识到不遵医嘱的后果（P=0.020）可提高患儿治疗的依从性。结论：矮小症患儿生长激素治疗依从性较高，且父母对注射设备的满意、说服孩子进行注射的频率高和意识到不遵医嘱的后果可提高患儿治疗依从性。医务人员应加强与患儿家长沟通，提高患儿及其家长对疾病认识的水平，促使患儿完成规范治疗流程。

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