子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis，EM，简称内异症)，一种由子宫内膜细胞及间质细胞在子宫腔之外种植引起的炎症为主的病理改变，表现为雌激素依赖性。该疾病在育龄期妇女常见，病因复杂，可导致疼痛、月经异常、不孕，甚至有癌变风险，严重影响患者生活质量。近年来，内异症的复发问题渐被重视，内异症为慢性病程，目前术后长期管理的一线治疗仍是以抑制雌激素水平为基础的用药，而内异症相关核受体的表达发生不同程度的改变，这在调节类固醇反应和其他信号传导通路中的精确作用尚不清楚。文章通过对内异症中局部雌激素合成和类固醇激素有效性起关键作用的相关核受体进行阐述，或将为内异症疗法提供新的选择。

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