新生儿呼吸系统具有一定的特殊性，使在新生儿中维持良好的机械通气具有一定的挑战性。神经调节辅助通气(NAVA)作为一种受患者呼吸中枢调控的新型通气模式，近年来被广泛研究。目前研究发现，与传统通气模式相比，NAVA在提高人机协调性、降低吸气峰压、提升脉搏氧饱和度、减少气体泄漏、减少镇静药物使用等方面有优势。使用NAVA模式通气监测膈肌电活动的同时，也有助于脱机的判定。同时NAVA与无创通气技术的结合，为新生儿肺保护提供了新选择。新生儿呼吸治疗是一个复杂的过程，NAVA若想广泛应用于临床，仍需要更多的试验来证实NAVA使用的长期效果及不足之处，完善其脱机标准。

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