早产儿出现贫血非常普遍，其发病原因复杂，既与早产自身特点相关，又与疾病、医源性失血等密不可分。输血是治疗早产儿贫血的主要手段，补充铁剂、促红细胞生成素（EPO）以及延迟结扎脐带等均是有效的预防措施，但早产儿输血的指征和补充铁剂、EPO以及延迟结扎脐带的时机等问题尚存在争议，需要大样本随机对照实验进一步研究。本文作者就早产儿贫血及其防治的研究进展作一综述。

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