中青年维持性血液透析患者自我管理与疾病感知、负性情绪的相关性分析-现代医学

中青年维持性血液透析患者自我管理与疾病感知、负性情绪的相关性分析

单位：1. 成都医学院护理学院, 四川成都 610083;
2. 成都医学院第一附属医院肾病科, 四川成都 610500;
3. 成都医学院第二附属医院肾病科, 四川成都 610057;
4. 四川省第二中医医院护理部, 四川成都 610031

关键词：维持性血液透析中青年自我管理疾病感知负性情绪

分类号：R473.5

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·51·第十二期（1668-1673）

摘要：

目的：探讨中青年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者自我管理现状及其与疾病感知、负性情绪的相关性，为提高中青年MHD患者自身管理水平提供参考。方法：采用便利抽样法于2022年11月至2023年2月应用患者一般资料调查问卷、血液透析患者自我管理行为量表、简易疾病感知问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表对四川省某3所三级甲等医院血液净化中心的219例中青年MHD患者进行调查。结果：中青年MHD患者的自我管理得分为(48.44±5.73)分，疾病感知得分为(43.70±4.74)分，焦虑得分为(5.33±2.54)分，抑郁得分为(5.44±2.56)分。自我管理总分与疾病感知得分呈负相关(r=-0.317，P<0.01)，与焦虑、抑郁得分分别呈负相关(r值分别为-0.216、-0.467，P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示，文化程度、焦虑、疾病了解、疾病认知、关注和情绪纳入回归方程(P<0.05)，解释总变异的34.7%。结论：中青年MHD患者自我管理能力处于中等水平，且与疾病感知、焦虑密切相关，医务人员可采取相应的干预措施，改善患者的疾病感知，降低焦虑，以提高其自我管理能力。

Objective: To explore the current status of self-management in young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients and its correlation with disease perception and negative emotions, in order to provide reference for improving the self-management level of young and middle-aged MHD patients. Methods: From November 2022 to February 2023, a convenient sampling method was used to investigate 219 young and middle-aged MHD patients in the blood purification center of three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province using a patient general information survey questionnaire, a self-management behavior scale for hemodialysis patients, a simple disease perception questionnaire, and a hospital anxiety and depression scale.Results: The self-management score of middle-aged and young MHD patients was 48.44±5.73, the disease perception score was 43.70±4.74, the anxiety score was 5.33±2.54, and the depression score was 5.44±2.56. The total score of self-management was negatively correlated with disease perception scores(r=-0.317, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression scores(r=-0.216, -0.467, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, anxiety, disease understanding, disease cognition, attention, and emotion entered the regression equation(P<0.05), explaining 34.7% of the total variance. Conclusion: The self-management ability of middle-aged and young MHD patients is at a moderate level and closely related to disease perception and anxiety, and medical staff could take appropriate interventions to improve patients' disease perception and reduce anxiety in order to improve their self-management ability.

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