保定市孕产妇不同时点产后抑郁的现状调查及与育儿自我效能的相关性分析-现代医学

保定市孕产妇不同时点产后抑郁的现状调查及与育儿自我效能的相关性分析

单位：保定市第二医院产科, 河北保定 071000

分类号：R173

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第一期（59-64）

摘要：

目的：探讨保定市孕产妇不同时点产后抑郁的现状及与育儿自我效能的相关性。方法：选取2022年1月至6月保定市第二医院分娩并产后复查的400名产妇的调研问卷，时间点为产后1个月(T1)、3个月(T2)及6个月(T3)行问卷调研，最终研究样本372名。比较产后不同时点抑郁情况及育儿自我效能，采用Spearman相关性分析法分析产后不同时点爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评分与育儿胜任感(PSOC)量表评分(以PSOC量表评定育儿自我效能)之间的相关性，并通过多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响产后抑郁发生的危险因素。结果：T2时点的抑郁发生率较T1低(P＜0.05)；三个时点的PSOC评分比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，与T1相比，T3时点的PSOC评分升高(P＜0.05)；Spearman相关性分析法显示，T1、T2及T3的EPDS评分与PSOC评分之间均呈负相关(r_s=-0.805、-0.616、-0.581，P＜0.05)。T1及T3时点，年龄31~40岁高于20~30岁(P＜0.05)；T1、T2及T3时点，家庭人均月收入4 000元以下及4 001~7 999元、人工喂养、婚姻关系不良的产妇抑郁发生率分别高于20~30岁、家庭人均月收入8 000元及以上、母乳喂养及混合喂养、婚姻关系良好的产妇(P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示，婚姻关系不良、PSOC评分低、家庭人均月收入4 000元以下、人工喂养是影响产后T1、T2时点抑郁发生的危险因素，婚姻关系不良、PSOC评分低、家庭人均月收入4 000元以下是影响T3时点抑郁发生的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论：保定市产妇T1属抑郁高发阶段，相同时点内的抑郁程度与育儿自我效能有关。

Objective: To explore the status quo of postpartum depression at different time points in Baoding city and its correlation with parenting self-efficacy. Methods: 400 women who gave birth and underwent postnatal reexamination in Baoding Second Hospital from January to June 2022 were selected. The time points were 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3) postnatal. The final study sample was 372. Depression and parenting self-efficacy at different postpartum time points were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the score of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) and the Parenting Competence(PSOC) Scale(PSOC scale to assess parenting self-efficacy) at different time points after childbirth. Results: The incidence of depression at T2 was lower than that at T1(P<0.05), the differences of PSOC scores at three time points were statistically significant(P<0.05), compared with T1, PSOC scores at T3 were increased(P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that EPDS scores of T1, T2 and T3 were negatively correlated with PSOC scores(r_s=-0.805,-0.616,-0.581, P<0.05). The age of 31-40 years was higher than that of 20-30 years at T1 and T3 (P<0.05). At T1, T2 and T3 time points, the incidence of depression in women with per capita family income below 4 000 yuan and 4 001-7 999 yuan, artificial feeding and poor marriage relationship was higher than that in women with per capita family income above 8 000 yuan, breastfeeding and mixed feeding, and good marriage relationship, respectively(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that poor marital relationship, low PSOC score, per capita monthly family income below 4 000 yuan and artificial feeding were risk factors affecting the occurrence of postpartum depression at T1 and T2, while poor marital relationship, low PSOC score and per capita monthly family income below 4 000 yuan were risk factors for the occurrence of T3 depression(P<0.05). Conclusion: In Baoding City, postpartum 1 month is a high incidence stage of depression, and the degree of depression in the same time is related to parenting self-efficacy.

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