我国老年人高血压知晓率、控制率、服药率及其影响因素分析—

我国老年人高血压知晓率、控制率、服药率及其影响因素分析——基于2018CLHLS数据分析

单位：川北医学院附属医院心脏大血管外科, 四川南充 637000

分类号：R544

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第一期（134-142）

摘要：

目的：探究我国老年人高血压知晓率、控制率、服药率及其影响因素。方法：基于中国老年人健康长寿影响因素追踪调查(CLHLS)2018年横断面数据，采用单因素和Logistic回归分析老年高血压患者血压知晓率、控制率、服药率及其影响因素。结果：共纳入8 927人，平均年龄为(84.91±11.38)岁，高血压知晓率为64.6%(95%CI为63.61%~65.59%)，控制率为24.9%(95%CI为24%~25.79%)，服药率为56.5%(95%CI为55.4%~57.5%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、居住地、居住方式、来源地、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、是否经常锻炼、有无退休金、社区是否有家访服务是老年人高血压知晓率的影响因素(P<0.05)；年龄、性别、居住地、来源地、婚姻状况、是否饮酒、是否经常锻炼、有无退休金、社区是否有上门服务是老年人服药率的影响因素(P<0.05)；老年人中年龄较小者、居住在城市、来源于东部地区、住养老院、不饮酒、经常锻炼、有退休金、社区有上门服务者高血压控制率较高(P<0.05)。结论：与既往调查结果相比，我国老年人高血压知晓率、控制率、服药率呈上升趋势，但与发达国家比仍有差距。老年人高血压知晓率、控制率、服药率与居住地、年龄、来源地、目前是否经常锻炼、经济来源、社区是否有家访服务均有关联。

Objective: To explore the blood pressure awareness rate, control rate, medication rate and influencing factors of the elderly in China. Methods: Based on the 2018 cross-sectional data of the influencing factors of health and longevity in China(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, CLHLS), univariate and logistic regression were used to analyze the blood pressure awareness rate, control rate, medication rate and its influencing factors in elderly patients with hypertension. Results: A total of 8 927 people were included in this study, mean age was(84.91±11.38) years. The awareness rate of hypertension in the elderly was 64.6%(95%CI was 63.61% to 65.59%), control rate of hypertension was 24.9%(95%CI 24%to 25.79%), and medication rate of hypertension was 56.5%(95%CI 55.4%to 57.5%). Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age, residence, residence mode, origin, smoking, drinking alcohol, regular exercise, having pension, and home visiting services in the community were the influencing factors of the awareness rate of hypertension among the elderly(P<0.05); And age, gender, residence, origin, marital status, drinking, regular exercise, pension, and on-site service in the community were the influencing factors of the medication rate of the elderly(P<0.05); Among the elderly, the blood pressure was better controlled in the younage who live in cities, come from eastern regions, live in nursing homes, do not drink, exercise regularly, have pension, and have home service in the community(P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the previous survey results, the awareness rate, control rate and medication rate of the elderly in China are increasing, but there is still lag behind developed countries. The awareness rate, control rate and medication rate of hypertension in the elderly are all related to their residence, age, source, current regular exercise, economic source, and home visit services in the community.

参考文献：

[1] 陈卫.中国人口负增长与老龄化趋势预测[J].社会科学辑刊，2022(5)：133-144.
[2] 中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)[J].中国心血管杂志，2019，24(1)：24-56.
[3] 姚溪，裴晓婷，曲哲.1991—2015年中国成人高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率的变化趋势及其影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学，2022，25(7)：803-814.
[4] SNARSKA K,CHORY M,SZCZEPASKI M,et al.Quality of life of patients with arterial hypertension[J].Medicina(Kaunas)，2020,56(9):459.
[5] 李苏宁，陈祚，王增武，等.我国老年人高血压现状分析[J].中华高血压杂志，2019，27(2)：140-148.
[6] 中国政府网.国务院办公厅关于制定和实施老年人照顾服务项目的意见[EB/OL].(2017-06-06).https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2017/content_5204891.htm.
[7] Center,F H A A.The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)-Longitudinal Data(1998-2018)[C].Peking University Open Research Data Platform,2020.
[8] 朱蕙晨，黄鑫，周雨天，等.河北省2018年城乡老年人常见慢性病流行特征及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学，2022，49(24)：4417-4422.
[9] MULI S,MEISINGER C,HEIER M,et al.Prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension in older people:results from the population-based KORA-age 1 study[J].BMC Public Health，2020,20(1):1049.
[10] MALHOTRA R,CHAN A,MALHOTRA C,et al.Prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension in the elderly population of Singapore[J].Hypertens Res，2010,33(12):1223-1231.
[11] NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(NCD-RisC).Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness,treatment,and control in 12 high-income countries:an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys[J].Lancet，2019,394(10199):639-651.
[12] 李树宝，杨国红，李天赫，等.朝阳市农村老年高血压知晓率及其影响因素分析[J].中国实用乡村医生杂志，2021，28(5)：28-32.
[13] FENECH G,VALLÉE A,CHERFAN M,et al.Poor awareness of hypertension in France:the CONSTANCES population-based study[J].Am J Hypertens，2020,33(6):543-551.
[14] 王剑，马陈芳，丁嘉寅，等.老年高血压合并糖尿病患者服药依从性的影响因素[J].中华高血压杂志，2022，30(11)：1085-1089.
[15] 戚圣香，王巍巍，秦真真，等.2017年南京市成年人高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制情况分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制，2022，30(11)：847-851.
[16] 吴洵，苏健，陈路路，等.江苏省心血管病高危人群中高血压患者血压控制的随访研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志，2023，27(4)：399-405.
[17] LI G,ZHANG H,HU M,et al.Associations of combined exposures to ambient temperature,air pollution,and green space with hypertension in rural areas of Anhui Province,China:a cross-sectional study[J].Environ Res，2022,204(Pt D):112370.
[18] PHILLIPS A Z,KIEFE C I,LEWIS C E,et al.Alcohol use and blood pressure among adults with hypertension:the mediating roles of health behaviors[J].J Gen Intern Med,2022,37(13):3388-3395.
[19] ACIN M T,RUEDA J R,SAIZ L C,et al.Alcohol intake reduction for controlling hypertension[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2020,9(9):CD010022.
[20] PEDRALLI M L,MARSCHNER R A,KOLLET D P,et al.Different exercise training modalities produce similar endothelial function improvements in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension:a randomized clinical trial Exercise,endothelium and blood pressure[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):7628.
[21] LOPES S,AFREIXO V,TEIXEIRA M,et al.Exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in adults with hypertension:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Hypertens，2021,39(2):214-222.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】

提示：您还未登录，请登录！点此登录