孕期体重增长过度风险因素的最佳证据总结-现代医学

孕期体重增长过度风险因素的最佳证据总结

单位：1. 湖南中医药大学护理学院, 湖南长沙 410208;
2. 中南大学湘雅二医院临床护理学教研室, 湖南长沙 410011;
3. 中南大学湘雅护理学院, 湖南长沙 410013

分类号：R715.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第二期（231-239）

摘要：

目的：检索、评价并整合孕期体重增长过度风险因素的最佳证据，为临床实践提供循证依据。方法：依照6S证据资源金字塔模型原则，计算机检索指南网站、专业学会网站、循证资源及综合数据库中关于孕期体重增长过度风险因素的相关文献，文献类型包括临床决策、临床实践指南、系统评价、Meta分析、专家共识及随机对照试验，检索时限为建库至2023年6月。由2名研究员对文献进行方法学质量评价，并对符合要求的文献进行资料提取及整合。结果：共纳入21篇文献，包括临床决策2篇、临床实践指南2篇、系统评价10篇、Meta分析1篇、专家共识3篇、随机对照试验3篇，最终形成身心健康、生活方式、膳食方案、认知能力、社会支持5个类别的25条证据。结论：本研究总结的孕期体重增长过度风险因素的证据质量较高，可为临床医护人员对孕期体重增长过度孕妇的干预提供循证依据，促进母婴健康。

Objective: To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the best available evidence on risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain, and to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice. Methods: According to 6S evidence resource pyramid model principle, a computerized search was conducted on excessive risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain from guideline websites, professional society websites, the evidence resource consolidated knowledgebase, and integrated databases. Types of literature include clinical decision-making, clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, Meta-analyses, expert consensus and randomized controlled trials. The search period is from the inception of databases up to June 2023. There were 2 researchers who evaluated the methodological quality of the literature, and extracted and integrated the evidence that met the requirements. Results: A total of 21 articles were included, including 2 clinical decisions, 2 clinical practice guidelines, 10 systematic reviews, 1 Meta-analysis, 3 expert consensus, and 3 randomized controlled trials. Finally, 25 pieces of evidence were formed in five categories, including physical and mental health, lifestyle, dietary regimen, cognitive ability and social support. Conclusion: The evidence summarised in this study on risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain has high quality. It can provide an evidence-based basis for clinical healthcare professionals to intervene in pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and to promote maternal and child health.

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