随着影像学技术的普及，越来越多儿童肾钙质沉着症得以被发现，但仍没有针对病因的有效方法进行防治；虽然高通量测序技术的出现发现了多数肾钙质沉着症单基因病因，且明确在儿童中它的发病往往具有潜在危险因素或存在某些原发病，但此病发展及预后皆未可知。本综述总结了儿童肾钙质沉着症发病机制的目前研究进展，主要从肾钙质沉着症的病理生理、危险因素等方面进行具体阐述及文献复习，以期为后续相关更深入的基础研究提供参考。

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