家庭燃料使用与我国中老年人群衰弱的关联性研究-现代医学

家庭燃料使用与我国中老年人群衰弱的关联性研究

单位：1. 兰州大学第二临床医学院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 兰州大学第二医院普外科, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 兰州大学第二医院临床营养专业质控中心, 甘肃兰州 730000

分类号：R12，R592

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·53·第七期（1121-1128）

摘要：

目的：探究家庭燃料使用与我国中老年人群发生衰弱的关系。方法：下载中国健康与养老追踪研究(CHARLS)数据，采用CHARLS的自我报告问卷中“住房情况”调查数据确定烹饪和取暖燃料种类(固体燃料/清洁燃料)，利用Fried量表诊断衰弱。利用多元Logistic回归模型评估燃料使用种类与衰弱之间的关系，报告比值比(OR)及其95%置信区间(CI )。根据年龄和居住地进行亚组分析。结果：共纳入1 531名参与者，1 084名诊断为非衰弱，447名诊断为衰弱。多元Logistic回归模型显示，相比于使用清洁燃料，在烹饪燃料中使用固体燃料的参与者患有衰弱的风险较高(OR=1.44,95%CI 1.14~1.8)，在取暖燃料中使用固体燃料的参与者患有衰弱的风险升高(OR=1.39,95%CI 1.09~1.79)，烹饪和取暖至少有一种使用固体燃料的参与者患有衰弱的风险最高(OR=1.49,95%CI 1.14~1.94)。亚组分析显示，45~60岁人群更容易受到固体燃料对衰弱发病的影响。敏感性分析结果显示，排除75岁以上参与者和低身体质量指数(BMI)参与者后，结果仍稳定。结论：固体燃料使用与我国中老年人衰弱发病风险相关，需进一步关注家庭燃料对我国中老年人衰弱的影响。

Objective: To explore the relationship between household fuel use and the Incidence of frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations in China.Methods: The data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) were downloaded. The types of cooking and heating fuels(solid fuel/clean fuel) were identified based on the “housing situation” survey data in the self-reported CHARLS questionnaire. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype scale. The association between fuel types and frailty was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model, with the odds ratio(OR) and its 95% confidence interval(CI) reported. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and place of residence were performed. Results: A total of 1 531participants were included, 1 084 being diagnosed as non-frail and 447 as frail. The multivariate Logistic regression model revealed that compared with those who used clean fuels, participants who used solid fuels for cooking presented a greater risk of frailty(OR=1.44,95%CI 1.14-1.8), and those who used solid fuels for heating presented a greater risk of frailty(OR=1.39,95%CI 1.09-1.79). Participants who used solid fuels for either cooking or heating, or both, had the highest risk of developing frailty.(OR=1.49,95%CI 1.14-1.94). Subgroup analyses revealed that people aged 45-60 years were more susceptible to the impact of solid fuels on the incidence of frailty. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the close association between solid fuel use and frailty risk. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the findings remained stable after excluding participants aged over 75 and those with a low body mass index(BMI). Conclusion: The use of solid fuels is associated with the risk of frailty among middle-aged and elderly people in China. It is necessary to pay further attention to the impact of household fuels on frailty among the middle-aged and elderly population in our country.

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