计算机辅助认知训练联合体适能训练对精神发育迟滞儿童的疗效研究-现代医学

计算机辅助认知训练联合体适能训练对精神发育迟滞儿童的疗效研究

单位：上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院康复医学科, 上海 200062

分类号：R454

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·53·第九期（1371-1379）

摘要：

目的： 探讨计算机辅助认知训练(CACR)联合体适能训练对精神发育迟滞(MR)儿童认知功能和社会适应行为的影响。方法： 纳入2023年12月至2024年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院康复医学科行康复治疗的90例MR儿童，按随机数字表分为常规训练组(A组)、CACR组(B组)及CACR联合体适能训练组(C组)，每组30例。A组采用常规干预方法，B组采用CACR，C组采用CACR联合体适能训练。观察并比较治疗前后各组智力测试(WISC-Ⅳ)、图片词汇测试(PPVT)、儿童适应行为及体适能指标。结果： 治疗前，3组患者的WISC-Ⅳ评分、PPVT评分、适应商(ADQ)、认知因子评分、独立因子评分、社会/自制因子评分、左右腿支撑时间、走平衡木时间、立定跳远距离、坐位体前屈距离、开合跳时间、前后拍手时间及折返跑时间比较，差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)；治疗后，3组患儿上述指标具有显著的时间效应(P<0.001)，即各组评分均较治疗前显著提高。组间效应及交互效应均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。进一步组间比较发现，C组患者WISC-Ⅳ、PPVT、独立因子、认知因子评分，ADQ及体适能指标均优于A、B组(P<0.05)；C、B组患者社会/自制因子评分高于A组(P<0.05)。结论： CACR联合体适能训练有助于改善MR患儿的认知功能、社会适应能力和体适能，具有临床应用价值。

Objective: To explore the effects of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CACR) combined with physical fitness training on cognitive functions, adaptive behaviors of children with mental retardation(MR). Methods: A total of 90 MR children who received rehabilitation treatment at the Rehabilitation Center of Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from December 2023 to December 2024 were included. They were divided into the conventional training group(Group A), CACR group(Group B), and CACR combined with physical fitness group(Group C) using a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Group A received conventional intervention, Group B received CACR, and Group C received CACR combined with physical fitness training. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition(WISC-Ⅳ) scores, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test(PPVT) scores, children's adaptive behavior indicators, and physical fitness indicators of each group were observed and compared before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the WISC-Ⅳ scores, PPVT scores, adaptation quotient(ADQ)，cognitive factor scores, independence factor scores, social/self-control factor scores, left and right leg support time, walking balance beam time, standing long jump distance, sit-and-reach distance, jumping jacks time, front-and-back clapping time, and shuttle run time among the three groups(all P>0.05). After treatment, the above indicators in the three groups showed a significant time effect(P<0.001), meaning that the scores in each group were significantly improved compared with those before treatment. Both the inter-group effect and interaction effect were statistically significant(all P<0.001). Further inter-group comparison showed that the WISC-Ⅳ scores, PPVT scores, ADQ, independent factor scores, cognitive factor scores, and physical fitness indicators in Group C were better than those in Groups A and B(P<0.05); the social/self-control factor scores in Groups C and B were higher than those in Group A(P<0.05). Conclusion: CACR combined with physical fitness training can help improve cognitive function, adaptive ability and physical fitness of MR children, and has clinical application value.

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