南京市江北新区居民空气污染健康防护干预效果评价-现代医学

南京市江北新区居民空气污染健康防护干预效果评价

单位：1. 南京市疾病预防控制中心, 江苏南京 210003;
2. 南京江北新区公共卫生服务中心, 江苏南京 210044

分类号：R12;R193

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·53·第九期（1452-1458）

摘要：

目的： 评价南京市江北新区社区居民空气污染健康防护干预效果，为针对性地进行空气污染健康教育提供参考依据。方法： 采取分层多阶段整群抽样方法，选取南京市江北新区2个社区共200户居民，于2023年12月至2024年2月间每周开展空气污染健康防护干预，干预前后分别进行问卷调查，比较社区居民空气污染健康基本理念、基本知识、行为与防护技能的变化。结果： 干预后，社区居民对于空气污染健康防护知识的总体知晓率由干预前的29.0%上升至93.2%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；其中基本理念、基本知识、行为与防护技能的知晓率分别从干预前的49.1%、50.4%和18.4%上升至干预后的63.1%、93.8%和84.5%，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示，基本知识、基本理念、行为与防护技能之间均呈正相关，其中基本知识和行为与防护技能之间的相关性最强(r=0.682，P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，家庭收入对干预前后问卷得分的差值具有显著负性影响(P<0.05)，表明低收入家庭干预后问卷得分与干预前问卷得分的差值更大。结论： 本次空气污染健康防护干预效果明显，社区居民空气污染健康素养有所提高。

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of health protection interventions against air pollution among residents in communities of Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, and to provide a reference for targeted health education on air pollution. Methods: The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 200 households from 2 communities in Jiangbei New District, Nanjing. Weekly health protection interventions against air pollution were conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention to compare the changes in basic concepts, basic knowledge, protective behaviors and skills of air pollution health among community residents. Results: After the intervention, the overall awareness rate of air pollution health protection knowledge among community residents increased significantly from 29.0% to 93.2%(P<0.05). Specifically, the awareness rates of basic concepts, basic knowledge, and protective behaviors and skills rose from 49.1%, 50.4%, and 18.4% to 63.1%, 93.8%, and 84.5% respectively, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed positive correlations among basic concepts, basic knowledge and protective behaviors and skills, with the strongest correlation observed between basic knowledge and protective behaviors and skills(r=0.682, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that household income had a significant negative impact on the difference in questionnaire scores before and after the intervention(P<0.05), indicating that low-income households showed a greater improvement in scores post-intervention. Conclusion: The effectiveness of this health protected intervention against air pollution is significant, and the literacy of community residents on air pollution and health protection has been improved.

参考文献：

[1] POZZER A,ANENBERG S C,DEY S,et al.Mortality attributable to ambient air pollution:a review of global estimates[J].GeoHealth,2023,7(1):e2022GH000711.
[2] COLLABORATORS G 2 R F.Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations,1990—2021:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J].Lancet,2024,403(10440):2162-2203.
[3] 郭庆皓,陈魁.南京环境空气质量特征及变化分析[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2022,14(3):294-303.
[4] MANISALIDIS I,STAVROPOULOU E,STAVROPOULOS A,et al.Environmental and health impacts of air pollution:a review[J].Front Public Health,2020,8:14.
[5] 叶丹,董家华,刘静怡,等.2023年四城市环境健康综合干预对居民空气污染健康知识-态度-行为影响的效果评估[J].卫生研究,2025,54(3):465-470,477.
[6] 于英红,晏秋雨,谢娟.中国居民健康素养研究进展[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2021,29(7):530-534.
[7] 生态环境部.生态环境部发布《“十四五” 环境健康工作规划》[J].绿色科技,2022,24(15):80.
[8] AL-SHIDI H K,AMBUSAIDI A K,SULAIMAN H.Public awareness,perceptions and attitudes on air pollution and its health effects in Muscat,Oman[J].J Air Waste Manag Assoc,2021,71(9):1159-1174.
[9] 马本,赵康,张晨涛.大气污染与治理的收入和收入不平等效应——对城乡居民四类收入的分析[J].管理评论,2024,36(7):54-67.
[10] HU J,YING Q,WANG Y,et al.Characterizing multi-pollutant air pollution in China:Comparison of three air quality indices[J].Environ Int,2015,84:17-25.
[11] QIAN X,XU G,LI L,et al.Knowledge and perceptions of air pollution in Ningbo,China[J].BMC Public Health,2016,16(1):1138.
[12] 张文增,陈东妮,史继新,等.北京顺义区公园内锻炼的老年人雾霾认知及应对现状调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(1):89-92.
[13] 刘市委,苗宇田,张林,等.空气质量健康指数(AQHI)的构建及应用研究进展[J].华南预防医学,2022,48(12):1437-1440.
[14] DU X,CHEN R,MENG X,et al.The establishment of national air quality health index in China[J].Environ Int,2020,138:105594.
[15] LI X,XIAO J,LIN H,et al.The construction and validity analysis of AQHI based on mortality risk:a case study in Guangzhou,China[J].Environ Pollut,2017,220(Pt A):487-494.
[16] MASON T G,MARY SCHOOLING C,RAN J,et al.Does the AQHI reduce cardiovascular hospitalization in Hong Kong's elderly population[J].Environ Int,2020,135:105344.
[17] 易仁玲,陈志永,王珂,等.常州市武进区大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评估[J].现代医学,2024,52(9):1412-1419.
[18] 韦丽,唐彦钊,孙凤霞,等.南京市大气PM_2.5中金属污染特征及慢性健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2024,41(4):328-331.
[19] LEE G H,KIM J H,KIM S,et al.Effects of indoor air purifiers on children with asthma[J].Yonsei Med J,2020,61(4):310-316.
[20] LIU S,CHEN J,ZHAO Q,et al.Cardiovascular benefits of short-term indoor air filtration intervention in elderly living in Beijing:an extended analysis of BIAPSY study[J].Environ Res,2018,167:632-638.
[21] LIAO J,YE W,PILLARISETTI A,et al.Modeling the impact of an indoor air filter on air pollution exposure reduction and associated mortality in urban Delhi household[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2019,16(8):1391.
[22] YODA Y,TAMURA K,ADACHI S,et al.Effects of the use of air purifier on indoor environment and respiratory system among healthy adults[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2020,17(10):3687.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】

提示：您还未登录，请登录！点此登录