吸吮吞咽功能障碍早产儿父母感知脆弱的潜在剖面分析-现代医学

吸吮吞咽功能障碍早产儿父母感知脆弱的潜在剖面分析

单位：海安市人民医院新生儿科, 江苏海安 226600

分类号：R473.72

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·53·第九期（1479-1485）

摘要：

目的： 探索吸吮吞咽功能障碍早产儿父母感知脆弱现状，分析不同剖面类别的影响因素及与抑郁症状的关系。方法： 方便抽样选取2023年1月至2024年6月海安市人民医院新生儿病房的150例吸吮吞咽功能障碍早产儿父母为研究对象，采用基本信息问卷、父母感知脆弱程度量表及9条目患者健康问卷进行问卷调查。结果： 共发放问卷150份，回收有效问卷146份。参与调查的患儿父母信息：男64名(43.84%)、女82名(56.16%)；年龄22~43岁，平均为(30.52±3.67)岁；患儿父母感知脆弱得分为(11.81±2.56)分。患儿父母感知脆弱分为2个潜在剖面类别：高感知中恐惧组、高感知高恐惧组，归属于2个潜在剖面类别的平均概率在94.6%~96.8%。单因素分析结果显示，年龄(χ²=8.662，P=0.013)、性别(χ²=4.570，P=0.033)、月收入(χ²=8.151，P=0.043)及除患儿外的子女个数(χ²=6.177，P=0.046)对患儿父母感知脆弱分组差异有统计学意义；多因素分析结果显示，高感知中恐惧组为参照，年龄、性别、月收入和除患儿外的子女个数是患儿父母感知脆弱不同剖面的影响因素。吸吮吞咽功能障碍患儿父母抑郁症状平均为(8.67±3.24)分，高感知中恐惧组患儿父母的抑郁症状水平低于高感知高恐惧组(t=-2.879，P=0.008)。结论： 本研究采用潜在剖面分析，将患儿父母感知脆弱分为高感知高恐惧组和高感知中恐惧组2个潜在剖面类别。年龄、性别、月收入及除患儿外的子女个数是影响患儿父母感知脆弱分组的影响因素。临床工作人员应重视高感知高恐惧组的患儿父母，及时地进行必要的心理干预和调适，对纠正其心理失衡风险有重要意义。

Objective: To explore the current status of parental perceived vulnerability of preterm infants with sucking and swallowing dysfunction, and to analyze the influencing factors of different profile categories and their relationship with depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 150 parents of preterm infants with sucking and swallowing dysfunction in the neonatal ward of Hai'an People's Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects. Basic information questionnaire, Child Vulnerability Scale and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire were used for questionnaire investigation. Results: A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and 146 valid questionnaires were recovered. The information of the parents who participated in the survey was 43.84%(64) males and 56.16%(82) females; their ages ranged from 22 to 43 years old, with an average of(30.52±3.67) years old. The score of parental perceived vulnerability was(11.81±2.56). The perceived vulnerability of the parents was categorized into two potential profile categories: high perceived medium fear group and high perceived high fear group, and the average probability of belonging to the two potential profile categories ranged from 94.6% to 96.8%. Analysis of the influencing factors showed that the differences in age(χ²=8.662, P=0.013), gender(χ²=4.570, P=0.033), monthly income(χ²=8.151, P=0.043), and the number of children other than the patient(χ²=6.177, P=0.046)on the grouping of the parents' perceived vulnerability were statistically significant. The mean score of depressive symptom of parents of children with sucking and swallowing dysfunction was(8.67±3.24), and the level of depressive symptom of parents of children in the group of high perceived medium fear group was lower than that of the group of high perceived high fear group(t=-2.879,P=0.008). Conclusion: This study adopted latent profile analysis and classified the perceived vulnerability of the parents of the children patients into two latent profile categories, namely the high-perception moderate fear group and the high-perception high fear group. Age, gender, monthly income and number of children other than the patient are significant determinants of parental perceived vulnerability classification. Clinical staff should attach great importance to the parents of children in the high-perception and high-fear group, and promptly carry out necessary psychological intervention and adjustment, which is of great significance for correcting their risk of psychological imbalance.

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