全面发育迟缓患儿父母感知脆弱现况及影响因素分析-现代医学

全面发育迟缓患儿父母感知脆弱现况及影响因素分析

单位：1. 南京医科大学附属儿童医院护理部, 江苏南京 210008;
2. 南京医科大学附属儿童医院康复科, 江苏南京 210008

分类号：R473.72

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·53·第十二期（1877-1883）

摘要：

目的：探讨全面发育迟缓(GDD)患儿父母感知脆弱水平的现状及其影响因素，为制定针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2024年5月至12月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院康复科住院的179例GDD患儿父母为研究对象，使用父母感知脆弱程度量表(CVS)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)进行调查。采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析GDD患儿父母感知脆弱水平，采用多元线性回归分析GDD患儿父母感知脆弱的影响因素。结果：GDD患儿父母感知脆弱总得分为(10.97±5.36)分，其中56.98%的父母处于感知脆弱高水平。单因素分析发现，患儿月龄、是否为独生子女、病程时间、父母年龄及家庭月总收入是影响父母感知脆弱的重要因素(P＜0.05)。相关分析显示，消极应对方式与感知脆弱呈正相关(r=0.179，P<0.05)，而家庭支持与感知脆弱呈负相关(r=-0.207，P<0.05)。多元回归分析表明，患儿是否独生子女、患儿病程时长以及家庭月总收入均对父母感知脆弱有显著影响(P＜0.05)，模型解释总变异的61.2%(调整R²=0.612)。结论：GDD患儿父母普遍存在较高的感知脆弱水平。提示医护人员应重点关注独生子女、病程较短(<1年)及中低收入家庭的GDD患儿父母，并通过开展积极应对策略训练，加强社会支持干预，以有效缓解父母的感知脆弱水平。

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of parental perceptions of child vulnerability among parents of children with Global Developmental Delay(GDD), and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted interventions. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 179 parents of GDD children hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation from May to December 2024 were selected as participants. They were assessed using Child Vulnerability Scale(CVS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ), and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS). Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the levels of parental perceptions of child vulnerability. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors. Results: The total score of parental perceptions of child vulnerability among parents of GDD children was 10.97±5.36, with 56.98% of parents exhibiting a high level of perceived vulnerability. Univariate analysis identified the child's age(in months), being an only child, duration of illness, parental age, and total monthly family income as significant factors influencing perceived vulnerability(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between negative coping style and perceived vulnerability(r=0.179, P<0.05), and a negative correlation between family support and perceived vulnerability(r=-0.207, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that whether the child was an only child, the duration of illness, and the total monthly family income were significant independent predictors of parental perceived vulnerability(P<0.05), with the model explaining 61.2% of the total variance(adjusted R²=0.612). Conclusion: Parents of GDD children generally experience a high level of perceived vulnerability. Healthcare professionals should prioritize parents of only children, those with a shorter illness duration(<1 year), and those from low-to-middle-income families. Interventions aimed at training positive coping strategies and strengthening social support systems should be implemented to effectively alleviate parental perceived vulnerability.

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