金银花等五种中药提取物清咽功能的评价研究-现代医学

金银花等五种中药提取物清咽功能的评价研究

作者：郝晓玉¹ 于坪¹ 郝润华¹ 郝正阳² 陈香君¹ 2 王念念¹ 王少康¹ 2

单位：1. 东南大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系/环境医学工程教育部重点实验室, 江苏南京 210009;
2. 西藏民族大学医学院/西藏自治区高原胃肠病临床医学研究中心, 陕西咸阳 712082

分类号：R284

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·54·第二期（258-265）

摘要：

目的： 本研究旨在系统评价金银花、菊花、青果、余甘子及桔梗5种常用中药提取物的清咽作用。方法： 将无特定病原体(SPF)级SD大鼠220只、ICR小鼠110只，各随机分为11组，包括模型对照(MC)组及5种中药提取物的高、低剂量组，每组10只。连续灌胃给药30天。大鼠剂量设定为：金银花、菊花、余甘子的高、低剂量分别为0.25 g·kg^-1、0.13 g·kg^-1；青果的高、低剂量为0.33 g·kg^-1、0.17 g·kg^-1；桔梗的高、低剂量为0.17 g·kg^-1、0.08 g·kg^-1。依据体表面积换算，小鼠剂量为大鼠剂量的2倍。MC组给予等体积无菌水。采用大鼠足趾肿胀实验、小鼠耳肿胀实验和大鼠棉球植入实验检测相应功效学指标以及大鼠血清炎症指标水平进行评价。同时观察大鼠棉球肉芽肿组织和小鼠耳廓肿胀组织病理切片。数据以均数±标准差表示，采用单因素方差分析进行组间比较。结果： 与MC组相比，各中药提取物组大鼠棉球肉芽肿净量、大鼠足趾肿胀率和小鼠耳廓肿胀率均显著下降(均P＜0.05)，棉球植入实验大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)以及组胺水平均有不同程度下降，其中高剂量组除余甘子提取物外均差异显著(均P＜0.05)；棉球肉芽肿组织、小鼠耳廓肿胀组织病理结果较模型对照组有所改善，可见棉球肉芽肿组织内炎细胞浸润均有不同程度的减轻，小鼠耳廓皮肤皮脂腺细胞变性和血管扩张发生率以及严重程度均有不同程度的改善。结论： 金银花、菊花、青果、余甘子及桔梗五种中药提取物具有抗炎清咽功效，为其在清咽类保健产品中的应用及相关中药资源的深度开发提供科学依据。

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the pharyngeal-clearing effects of five traditional Chinese medicinal extracts—Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua), Chrysanthemi Flos(Juhua), Canarii Fructus(Qingguo), Phyllanthi Fructus(Yuganzi), and Platycodonis Radix(Jiegeng)—by employing classical anti-inflammatory models and serum inflammatory factor assays, thereby providing a pharmacodynamic basis for their application in throat-soothing healthcare products. Methods: A total of 220 SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and 110 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 11 groups(n=10 per group): a model control group and high-and low-dose groups for each of the five medicinal extracts. All animals received continuous intragastric administration for 30 days. The doses for rats were set as follows: L. Japonicae Flos, C. Flos, and P. Fructus at 0.25 g·kg^-1 and 0.13 g·kg^-1(high and low dose, respectively); C. Fructus at 0.33 g·kg^-1 and 0.17 g·kg^-1; P. Radix at 0.17 g·kg^-1 and 0.08 g·kg^-1. Based on body surface area conversion, mouse doses were twice the corresponding rat doses. The model control group received an equal volume of sterile water. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed using the rat paw edema test, mouse ear swelling test, and rat cotton pellet granuloma implantation test. Serum levels of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1α(IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and histamine, were measured. Histopathological examinations were performed on granuloma tissue from rats and swollen ear tissue from mice. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, and intergroup comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with a significance threshold of P <0.05. Results: Compared with the model control group, all treatment groups showed significant reductions in granuloma net weight, rat paw swelling rate, and mouse ear swelling rate(P＜0.05). Serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, and histamine in the cotton pellet implantation model rats were decreased to varying degrees. With the exception of the high-dose P. Fructus group, these decreases were statistically significant in all other high-dose groups(P＜0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed improvements relative to the model control group, including reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in granuloma tissue and decreased incidence and severity of sebaceous gland cell degeneration and vasodilation in mouse ear skin. Conclusion: The extracts of L. Japonicae Flos, C. Flos, C. Fructus, P. Fructus, and P. Radix possess significant pharyngeal-clearing and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting their development and application in functional products aimed at soothing the throat.

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