2021—2025年南京市某医院急诊就诊病例流行病学特征分析-现代医学

2021—2025年南京市某医院急诊就诊病例流行病学特征分析

单位：东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院急诊科, 江苏南京 210000

分类号：R181.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·54·第六期（985-992）

摘要：

目的：分析南京市某三级医院2021—2025年急诊就诊病例的流行病学特征，为优化急诊资源配置提供参考依据。方法：收集该院2021年1月1日至2025年12月31日期间急诊科就诊病例资料，包括性别、年龄、疾病诊断及就诊时间等信息，疾病分类依据国际疾病分类ICD-10编码进行归类统计，急诊就诊病例分布特征采用n(%)描述，相关分析采用Cochran-Armitage趋势 χ²检验。结果：2021—2025年共纳入急诊就诊病例213 448例，其中男性109 154例(51.1%)，女性104 294例(48.9%)；年龄分布以30～44岁组占比最高(35.9%)，其次为15～29岁组(29.4%)。从年度变化趋势来看，女性的占比从2021年的44.3%升至2025年的48.9%，呈逐年上升趋势，差异有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=212.825，P<0.001)。0～14岁组从2021年的3.1%增至2025年的7.7%，呈上升趋势(χ²_趋势=966.143，P<0.001)。疾病谱分析显示，呼吸系统疾病居首位(34.9%)、损伤中毒类疾病位列第2(30.2%)、其他疾病位列第3(14.7%)、消化系统疾病位列第4(9.1%)以及泌尿系统疾病位列第5(5.3%)。月份分布分析显示，12月份急诊就诊患者最多，共计22 136人次，占比10.4%；其次是1月份，共计19 912人次，占比9.3%；2月份就诊病例数最少。各类疾病的急诊就诊呈现不同的季节性特征，其中呼吸系统疾病12月就诊最高(14.3%)、损伤中毒类疾病9月就诊最高(10.3%)、消化系统疾病4月就诊最高(10.2%)、泌尿系统疾病8月就诊最高(10.5%)以及其他疾病12月就诊最高(10.2%)。时间分布显示，排名前5位的疾病高峰时间集中在8:00～21:59，其中晚高峰(16:00～19:59)和早高峰(8:00～11:59)最高，分别为28.8%和25.3%。结论：该院急诊就诊具有明显的季节性、时间性以及疾病谱的特点，可据此优化急诊人员安排，加强常见疾病谱的诊疗培训，提高诊疗水平，优化急诊医疗资源。

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of emergency department visits at a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for optimizing emergency resource allocation.Methods: Data of patients visiting the emergency department of the hospital from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2025 were collected, including sex, age, disease diagnosis, and time of visit. Disease classification was performed according to the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10) codes. The distribution of emergency visits was described using n(%), and trend analysis was conducted using the Cochran-Armitage trend chi-square test. Results: A total of 213 448 emergency cases were included from 2021 to 2025, including 109 154 males(51.1%) and 104 294 females(48.9%). The30-44 years age group accounted for the highest proportion(35.9%), followed by the 15-29 years group(29.4%). In terms of annual trends, the proportion of female patients increased from 44.3% in 2021 to 48.9% in 2025, showing a statistically significant upward trend(χ²trend=212.825, P<0.001). The proportion of the 0-14 years agegroup increased from 3.1% in 2021 to 7.7% in 2025, also showing a significant linear upward trend(χ² trend=966.143, P<0.001). Disease spectrum analysis revealed that respiratory system diseases ranked first(34.9%), followed by injuries and poisonings(30.2%), other diseases(14.7%), digestive system diseases(9.1%), and urinary system diseases(5.3%). Monthly distribution analysis showed that the highest number of emergency visits occurred in December, totaling 22 136 cases(10.4%), followed by January with 19 912 cases(9.3%), while the lowest was in February. Different diseases exhibited distinct seasonal patterns: respiratory diseases peaked in December(14.3%), injuries and poisonings in September(10.3%), digestive diseases in April(10.2%), urinary diseases in August(10.5%), and other diseases in December(10.2%). Temporal distribution analysis indicated that the peak hours for the top five disease categories were concentrated between 8:00 and 21:59, with the highest peaks during the evening peak(16:00-19:59) and the morning peak(8:00-11:59), accounting for 28.8% and 25.3%, respectively.Conclusion:Emergency visits to this hospital exhibit distinct seasonal, monthly, and diurnal patterns as well as a characteristic disease spectrum. These findings can inform the optimization of staff scheduling, strengthen training on the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, improve clinical proficiency, and enhance the allocation of emergency medical resources.

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