Objective: To analyze the causes and explore the prevention and treatment strategies of spinal nerve and cauda equine injuries in lumbar surgery. Methods: Retrospective study involving 4 of 650 patients undergoing lumbar operation who had admitted to our hospital from April 2006 to April 2008 was conducted. The causes of nerve injury after operation were analyzed and the prevention and treatment strategies were investigated. Results: All four cases developed clinical manifestation of nerve and cauda equina injury 12 hours after the operation and immediate exploratory operation was conducted. No direct injury of rupture, equipment compression and hematoma compression was found. After one month of treatment including adrenal cortex hormone, treatment of neurotrophic and physical therapy. The sensory and motor function of lower limb recovery gradually and return to self-care about half a 第一作者简介：男（1974-），主治医师，医学硕士，研究方向：脊柱外科电话：（0771）2870035 E-mail:chengcz2001@yahoo.com.cn 通讯作者：程昌志 year later. Conclusion: Excessive drag was the main cause of nerve and cauda equina injury and careful handling was the key point to prevent the happening of injury. Function rehabilitation. play a key role in the recovery of nerve injury.